Investment & Trade Visas
Several U.S. immigration routes are tied to investment or trade. The E-2 treaty investor and E-1 treaty trader visas are open to nationals of countries that have a qualifying treaty with the United States, Türkiye among them. The EB-5 immigrant investor program can lead to a green card through a qualifying investment that creates U.S. jobs.
Articles in this section explain eligibility, when an investment counts as “substantial” and “at risk”, how to choose or build a qualifying business, the status of spouses and children, common refusal reasons, and the routes from E-2 status to permanent residence. Investment immigration carries financial as well as legal risk. These guides are general information, and any investment decision should be made with qualified legal and financial advice.
The $1 million Gold Card is a non-refundable gift processed through EB-1/EB-2; EB-5 is an $800,000 or $1.05 million at-risk investment with job creation. Status, approvals, litigation and how Turkish investors should choose.
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The E-2 visa is not the same as E-2 status. This guide explains the difference, the role of the I-94, visa validity vs status duration, consular vs COS, maintaining and extending status, and what happens if it ends.
Most E-2 denials come from a structural weakness, not a form error. This guide covers the five main refusal reasons, the 214(b) vs 221(g) distinction at the consulate, and how to reapply after a denial.
E-2 spouses are work-authorized incident to status with an E-2S I-94 (no EAD required). This guide covers spouse work rights, children's school and work, aging out at 21, and divorce.
The E-2 renews indefinitely but does not grant a green card. The roadmap to permanent residence while staying on E-2: the EB-1C, EB-5, and EB-2 NIW routes, the parallel strategy, the age-21 risk, and Turkey's visa-bulletin advantage.
Complete 2026 guide to applying for the E-2 Treaty Investor Visa: requirements, documents, application process, costs, validity, renewal, family, and Green Card path.
Complete 2026 guide to the E-1 Treaty Trader Visa: requirements, substantial trade test, 50% rule, treaty countries, documents, costs, rejection reasons, and E-1 vs E-2 comparison.
E-2 denials often trace to the wrong business, not the application.
Three federal investment visa paths for international founders: E-1 trade, E-2 investment, and EB-5 Green Card. Yellow Law attorneys compare them side by side and map each to the right investor profile.
Learn the top 7 reasons USCIS denies investor visas and how to protect your capital.
Learn how to secure a U.S. E-2 visa through a trucking investment
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